Tower cranes are large products and products with high safety requirements. It is not easy for construction companies to buy a tower crane. Therefore, it is of great significance to correctly grasp the knowledge of use and maintenance, avoid accidents, and extend the service life of machinery. Whether a tower crane works well or not depends on design quality and production quality. However, the tower cranes of the same type have different functions and benefits in different users' hands, which can be very different. This fully shows that users use and maintain well, which plays a decisive role in the loss of equipment.

　　Section 1 Basic requirements for user use, maintenance and management

　　Tower crane users should use, maintain and manage:

　　(1) Users should establish management files for tower cranes. Including the instruction manual, delivery list, spare parts, installation handover records, etc. entered into the construction unit, which can be checked.

　　(2) It is necessary to formulate a tower crane maintenance system and strictly implement it. It is required that the equipment management personnel can understand the operation status of their tower cranes, whether there have been any faults, and whether they have been handled properly. And there are records.

　　(3) Correctly handle the relationship between use and maintenance, not just re-use and relax maintenance. In fact, good maintenance can greatly improve the use efficiency and reduce accident losses.

　　(4) It is necessary to provide technical training for operators, strengthen the education of basic knowledge of use, maintenance and maintenance, cultivate them to consciously care for the habits and atmosphere of mechanical equipment, master basic skills and skills, and strictly abide by the operating regulations. Unlicensed personnel are prohibited from taking up positions.

　　(5) Prepare necessary material conditions to meet the needs of maintenance work. Such as oil pot, grease gun, oil cup, funnel and special]: with equipment, provide cotton yarn and lubricating oil according to the quantity on schedule, and supply the necessary spare parts and accessories on time.

　　(6) Under special construction conditions, to change the installation and construction conditions of the tower crane, you must get in touch with and negotiate with the supplier, and you can't make changes with self-righteousness. If necessary, you must consult the design unit and professionals.

　　(7) Create the necessary environmental conditions for the normal use of the tower crane, such as construction space to avoid collision, lighting, power supply environment, waterproof immersion, etc. For the operators, provide comfortable and convenient working conditions as much as possible, pay attention to cooling and heating, reduce their fatigue and distract attention.

　　Section 2 Basic safety awareness that operators should have

　　A tower crane, whether the use of the factory is correct, whether the maintenance is thoughtful and effective, the key is the operator. The operator must clearly realize that he owns not only a large-scale equipment, but also the life safety of himself and some people on the construction site. The responsibility is very heavy. Must be careful at all times. As an operator, it must be deeply understood that the most terrible thing about tower cranes is the inverted tower, followed by collisions and damage to the mechanism. Therefore, every effort should be made to prevent the tower crane from losing its balance, preventing collision, and preventing overload.

　　1. Excessive torque is the root cause of tower collapse

　　Operators must absolutely prevent excessive torque. There are some reasons for the excessive torque, which should be highly noticed by the operator:

　　(1) Use when the torque limiter fails or is not adjusted properly. The torque limiter operates only when it exceeds the torque, and usually does not operate. At the same time, it often does not attract attention. The operator should check it consciously at ordinary times. Press the contact of the upward switch of the pressure limiter to see if the alarm ring still sounds. The sound proves that it can operate normally. If it does not sound, it proves to be a fault, and it should be repaired before operation. As for use without adjustment, it is a serious violation of the regulations and very dangerous. It is best to install a torque indicator so that you can know what the lifting moment is and how far it is from the dangerous situation. The operator should refuse to operate the tower crane when the torque limiter is abnormal.

　　(1) Pull it horizontally and diagonally. The tower crane is forbidden to lift diagonally. However, it is difficult to lift the crane completely vertically on the construction site. Generally, when calculating, the horizontal force of the factory sling inclined by 3° (tan3°=5%) is considered. The horizontal component force is 5%, but the generated torque is not 5%, because the horizontal arm force arm is a free-standing height, which is relatively large. So don't underestimate the 3'tilt angle. The most terrifying thing is to use slings to drag objects diagonally. You don't know what the drag coefficient is and it is very dangerous. Therefore, the operator should actively refuse to lift diagonally.

　　(3) The wind is too high to lift. Wind load will increase the tipping moment. The operation manual stipulates that the operation above level 6 wind is prohibited. The operator should draw attention to the fact that the wind is too strong and should not be lifted.

　　(4) is / to expand the working surface, intentionally short-circuit the torque limiter. This is a serious violation of regulations! It seriously threatens the safety of operators and should be resolutely resisted.

　　2. Prevent collision

　　(1) The crane operator should operate after receiving the command signal from the ground. Moreover, the bell should be rang before the operation to raise the relevant personnel to know that the crane is about to run.

　　(2) When operating, you should concentrate on the operation and position of the hook at any time, and pay attention to whether there are obstacles around. When leaving get off work, the hook must be raised above the highest obstacle.

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　　(3) To master the inertial effect of heavy objects, to slow down and stop in advance, but also learn to stabilize the hook technology. Especially for the slewing inertia, it must be stopped in advance, and it must not be stopped until midday, otherwise the boom and heavy objects cannot be stopped, and the position is not accurate, and it is easy to collide. How much in advance should be mastered by accumulating experience. The technique of stabilizing hooks contains certain mechanics knowledge, which is not easy to learn. We will introduce it later in the operation skills.

　　(4) When there is a collision object underneath, try to raise the hook as early as possible to avoid collision, and do not wait until it is approaching before lifting the hook. Because the inertial oscillation is often inaccurate, it is easy to collide. Conversely, when placing the hook, it should not be placed too low to avoid swinging the hook and hurting people.

　　(5) When someone engages in maintenance and adjustment work on the tower crane, the tower crane shall not be started.

　　3. Prevent overload

　　There are often the following situations that cause overload. Operators should pay attention to prevent:

　　(1) Use the tower crane if the weight limiter fails or is not adjusted properly. For the same reason as the torque limiter, because the action does not occur frequently, it does not attract attention and attention, and it is not known after failure. Therefore, always press the switch contact of the weight limiter to see if the bell alarms. If there is a fault, remove it in time. The use of tower cranes without adjusting the weight limiters is a serious violation of the regulations and lurks the risk of accidents. This practice should be resisted.

　　(2) Use a crane to lift some overweight items and intentionally short-circuit the weight limiter. This is also a serious violation of the regulations and it is easy to damage the crane. It should be consciously stopped.