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Tower crane is a large-scale product, but also a product with high safety requirements. It is not easy for construction enterprises to buy a tower crane. Therefore, it is of great significance to correctly master the use and maintenance knowledge, avoid accidents and extend the service life of machinery. A tower crane work well, of course, with the design quality, production quality is very big. However, the same type of tower crane, in different users early, play a role and benefit, the difference can be very big, which fully shows that the user use and maintenance is good or bad, the loss of equipment played a decisive role.

Section I Basic Requirements for User Use, Maintenance and Management

The use, maintenance and management of tower crane users shall:

(1) The user shall establish a management file for the tower crane. Including the instruction manual, delivery list, spare parts, installation and handover records, etc. entered into the construction unit, which are well documented.

(2) the maintenance system of tower crane must be formulated and strictly implemented. Equipment management personnel are required to know the operating conditions of their tower cranes, whether there have been any failures and whether they have been handled properly. And there are records.

(3) Correctly handle the relationship between use and maintenance, not only re-use, relax maintenance. In fact, good maintenance can greatly improve the efficiency of use and reduce accident losses.

(4) Must carry out technical training for operators, strengthen the education of basic knowledge of use, maintenance and maintenance, cultivate their habit and atmosphere of consciously caring for mechanical equipment, master basic skills and techniques, and strictly abide by operating procedures. Unlicensed personnel are prohibited from operating on duty.

(5) Prepare the necessary material conditions to meet the needs of maintenance operations. Such as oil pot, oil gun, oil cup, funnel and special]: equipped with equipment, provide cotton yarn and lubricating oil on schedule and in quantity, and supply required spare parts and accessories on time.

(6) Under special construction conditions, to change the installation and construction conditions of the tower crane, it is necessary to contact and negotiate with the supplier, and it is not possible to make changes in a self-righteous manner. The design unit and professionals must be consulted when necessary.

(7) Create the necessary environmental conditions for the normal use of the tower crane, such as avoiding collision in the construction space, lighting, power supply environment, waterproof immersion, etc. For operators, it is necessary to provide comfortable and convenient working conditions as much as possible, pay attention to cooling and heating, and reduce their fatigue and distraction.

Section II Basic Safety Awareness of Operators

A tower crane, whether the use of factory accurate, maintenance is thoughtful and effective, the key is the operator. The operator must be clearly aware that he is not only a large-scale equipment, but also the life safety of himself and some people on the construction site, and the responsibility is very heavy. Caution must be exercised at all times. As an operator, we must deeply understand: the most terrible tower is the tower, followed by the collision and the damage of the mechanism. Therefore, every effort should be made to prevent the tower crane from losing balance, preventing collision and preventing overload.

1. Over-torque is the root cause of the tower fall.

The operator must absolutely prevent over-torque. There are some reasons for over-torque, which should be paid attention to by operators:

(1) the torque limiter failure or not adjusted to use. Torque limiter only over torque before action, usually do not move, the same often do not attract attention. The operator should consciously check at ordinary times, press the contact of the upward switch of the torque limiter, and see if the alarm is still ringing. Sound is proof of normal action. If it does not sound, it proves that there is a fault and should be repaired before operation. As for using it without adjustment, it is a serious violation and very dangerous. It is best to install a torque display so that you can know what the lifting torque is and how far it is from the dangerous situation. The operator should refuse to operate the tower crane when the torque limiter is abnormal.

(1) Hoisting with horizontal oblique pull. The tower crane is forbidden to be hoisted diagonally. However, it is difficult to lift completely vertical on the construction site. Generally, when calculating, consider the horizontal force of the plant sling inclination of 3 °(tan 3 ° = 5%). The horizontal component force is 5%, but the generated moment force is not 5%, because the force arm of the horizontal component force is independent height, which is relatively large. Therefore, the tilt angle of 3 'should not be underestimated. The most terrible thing is to drag articles with slings. You don't know what the resistance coefficient is and it is very dangerous. Therefore, the operator should actively refuse to lift the oblique pull.

(3) Excessive wind lifting. Wind load increases the tipping moment. It is stipulated in the instruction manual that operations above level 6 wind are prohibited. The operator should pay attention to the fact that the wind is too strong and should not be lifted.

(4) To/expand the working surface, deliberately short-circuit the torque limiter. This is a serious violation of the operation! It is a serious threat to the safety of the operator and should be resolutely resisted.

2. Collision prevention

(1) The crane operator shall operate after receiving the command signal from the ground. And the bell should be rung before maneuvering to lift the relevant personnel to know that the crane is about to run.

(2) When operating, you should concentrate on observing the operation and position of the hook at any time, and pay attention to whether there are obstacles around. When leaving work, the hook must be raised above the highest obstacle.

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(3) It is necessary to master the inertia of heavy objects, slow down and stop in advance, and learn to stabilize the hook technology. Especially for rotary inertia, it is necessary to stop in advance, and it is not necessary to stop at noon until it is in place. Otherwise, the boom and heavy objects cannot stop, and the positions are not allowed to be aligned, which is easy to collide. How much in advance depends on one's own experience. Hook stabilization technology, which contains certain mechanical knowledge, is not easy to learn. We also introduce it later in the operation skills.

(4) When there is a collision object below, lift the hook as early as possible to avoid collision, and do not wait until it is almost there to lift the hook. Because the inertia swing is often not seen, prone to collision. On the contrary, when placing the hook, do not place it too low to avoid the hook swinging and hurting people.

(5) When someone is engaged in maintenance and adjustment work on the tower crane, the tower crane shall not be started.

3. Prevent overload

Overload is often caused by the following circumstances, the operator should pay attention to prevent:

(1) The tower crane is used if the lifting weight limiter fails or is not adjusted. For the same reason as the torque limiter, because the action does not occur frequently, it does not attract attention and attention, and it does not know after the failure. Therefore, it is necessary to press the contact of the lifting weight limiter switch to see if the bell gives an alarm. If there is a fault in a timely manner. Do not adjust the weight limiter on the use of tower crane, is a serious violation of the operation, lurking the risk of accidents, should resist this practice.

(2) Use a crane to lift some overweight items and deliberately short-circuit the weight limiter. This is also a serious violation. It is easy to damage the crane and should be consciously stopped.